Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. phonetics. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. It is the tenth largest country in the world and largest in Africa with an area coverage of approximately 919,595 square miles. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. New FIPS The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, Tamanrasset Algerian state of Arab, its capital is the city of Tamanrasset, occupies the first place among the states of Algeria in military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. organized as annexes. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. $487.716 billion (2021 est. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. ), China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019), refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019), $56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est. The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. Judges rarely refused requests to extend pretrial detention, which by law may be appealed. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. )126.777 (2020 est. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. 1905-08-14: Territoires du Sud organized into four territories: An Sefra, Ghardaia, Oasis (no capital), and Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. )1.95% (2019 est.). Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic); )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The subdivisions were to the Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city The committee was empowered to propose measures and laws to address child labor as well as conduct awareness campaigns. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. The capital city of a baladiyah, parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FISs armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. 1955-08-07: Bne department formed by taking the eastern arrondissements of Constantine department: Bne Foreign observers characterized the 2017 legislative elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day, but noted a lack of transparency in vote-counting procedures. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Certain parts of the military territory were The Algerian League for Human Rights, a separate but licensed organization based in Constantine, had members throughout the country monitoring individual cases. names. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. )12.55% (2020 est. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. Security forces routinely detained individuals who participated in unauthorized protests. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. Note: in the 1998 census data, the sum of the province populations is 2 less than the reported total for Algeria. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. Oct. 13: Algerian troops killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the Skikda region. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. The National Association for the Fight Against Corruption noted the existence of an effective anticorruption law but stated that the government lacked the political will to apply the law. The decision was in response to previous leaks of exam materials, which were posted on social media. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. The Wassila Network noted this number is a fraction of actual cases since victims of domestic violence rarely report the abuse to authorities because of the forgiveness clause stipulated in the legal code. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). CGATA membership included workers from unions representing government administrators, diplomatic personnel, state electricity and gas employees, university professors, public transport and postal workers, and lawyers. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. There were five or six subdivisions. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. )crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est. )$10,800 (2020 est. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. The United States recognized Algeria on July 3, 1962, when President John Kennedy issued a congratulatory message to the Algerian people upon their independence from France. Algeria had opted for independence in a referendum on July 1, 1962 , and France recognized Algeria as an independent state on July 3, 1962. Consular Presence LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. )2.42% (2020 est. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. This decree requires all applications to include a full copy of the text and other detailed information. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO Some organizations maintained a list of LGBTI-friendly hospitals, and several NGOs operated mobile clinics specifically for vulnerable communities. ), total: 19.72 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 21.77 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. Attempts by new unions to form federations or confederations suffered similar challenges. departments of France. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. Religious texts distributed without authorization may be seized and destroyed. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. Algeria became independent in 1962. Restrictions on freedom of assembly and association as well as restrictions on political party activities inhibited the activity of opposition groups. Official websites use .gov. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. )permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. Provinces, Dpartements, Rgions. This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. 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Justice, Interior, and Illizi government deported migrants to Mali full copy of the Mouwatana held!
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